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The fume hood is an important safety staple in chemistry classrooms and research labs. Getting the most out of a fume hood begins with selecting the right one for your application. That means knowing precisely what type of work will be performed in the fume hood and making the choice between constant air volume and variable air volume, choosing between a ducted and a ductless fume hood, and selecting the appropriate material of construction.
Type of Fume Hoood
-General Purpose Bench Top
The most common type of fume hood utilized in most types of labs. The liner
selected is generally fiberglass reinforced polyester (FRP) which has a broad application.
-General Purpose Floor Mount
Floor mounted hoods are used where the dimensions of the apparatus exceed what can be accommodated in a bench mounted fume hood or where the weight involved precludes placing the apparatus on a bench top.
High Performance Hoods-
High performance hoods allow greatly reduced face velocities at full working height, resulting in a 40-50% reduction in energy use as compared to a general purpose hood. These are generally restricted to common bench top general
purpose applications, suitable for VAV or CAV use.
Student workstations
Student workstations are generally deployed in undergraduate teaching lab
settings and are used by students while under supervision by instructor. Accordingly, materials of construction are adjusted to suit less demanding chemical resistance needs. Glass side and back windows are often provided. Often these hoods are placed on an island and are manufactured in a back-toback configuration with two working chambers.
Acid Digestion Hoods
- For operations involving heating and evaporation of acids, special materials are used in the construction of the hood interior. The principle changes include a PVC or polypropylene liner, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated sash frame, lower airfoil and exhaust connection. In addition, if the hood will be used with hydroflouric acid, then the sash glass and light lens is changed from glass to polycarbonate.
Perchloric Acid Hoods
For operations involving heating and evaporation of perchloric acid, special
fume hoods are produced. These hoods are always bench top models with the addition of a wash-down system and drain trough to remove hazardous
perchlorate residues from the hood interior. Perchloric acid hoods are always connected to a dedicated exhaust system which is also equipped with a water
wash system. Perchloric acid hoods can be equipped with a stainless steel liner if they will be used with perchloric acid only or a PVC liner if they will be used with other acids as well.
Radioisotope Hoods
Radioisotope hoods are designed for use with radioactive materials and have a smooth coved stainless steel liner with an integral dished work surface. The work surface is reinforced to support the weight of heavy shielding which may need to be utilized by the user.
| Model Parameters |
YT-1500A | YT-1500B | YT-1500C | YT-1800A | YT-1800B | YT-1800C |
| Size (mm) | 1500(W)*865(D)*2400(H) | 1800(W)*1205(D)*2400(H) | ||||
| Worktop Size (mm) | 1260(W1)*795(D1)*1100(H1) | 1560(W1)*795(D1)*1100(H1) | ||||
| Worktop | 20+6mm Ceramic | 20+6mm Ceramic | 12.7mm Solid Physiochemical Board | 20+6mm Ceramic | 20+6mm Ceramic | 12.7mm Solid Physiochemical Board |
| Liner | 5mm Ceramic Fibre | 5mm Compact Laminate | 5mm Compact Laminate | 5mm Ceramic Fibre | 5mm Compact Laminate | 5mm Compact Laminate |
| Diversion Structure | Back Absorption | |||||
| Control System | Touch-Tone Control Panel (LED Screen) | |||||
| Input Power | 220V/32A | |||||
| Fan Power | Less than 2.8 A | |||||
| Socket Max. Load | 5KW | |||||
| Faucet | 1 Set | |||||
| Drainage Mode | Natural Fall | |||||
| Storage | Double-Lock, Corrosion-Resistant, Damp-proof, Multi-layer Solid Wood with Mobile Wheel | |||||
| Application | Indoor No-blast, 0-40 ºC | |||||
| Application Field | Organic Chemical Experiment | |||||
| Face Velocity Control | Manual Control | |||||
| Average Face Velocity | 0.3-0.5 m/s Exhaust: 720-1200m³/h | 0.3-0.5 m/s Exhaust:900- 1490m³/h | ||||
| Face Velocity Deviation | Less than 10% | |||||
| Average Illumination | Less than 500 Lux | |||||
| Noise | Within 55 dB | |||||
| Exhaust Air | No Residue | |||||
| Safety Test | In Accord with International Standard | |||||
| Resistance | Less than 70Pa | |||||
| Add Air Function | Distinctive Structure (Need Exclusive Add Air System) | |||||
| Air Flow Control Valve | Dia. 250mm Flange Type Anti-Corrosion Control Valve | Dia. 315mm Flange Type Anti-Corrosion Control Valve | ||||
Airflow and Velocity
The volume of exhaust flow and its velocity are also important. Lower velocities do not move potentially corrosive effluent as quickly, providing more opportunity for settling, especially in horizontal runs, directional changes, and transitions. Round ductwork velocity is more uniform and has minimal potential eddies or recirculation present as does rectangular duct. When velocities increase, frictional losses and associated fan energy also increase. A 40% increase in duct velocity will double the pressure drop and increase the fan energy associated with that section by nearly three times. The best approach is to balance duct velocity and fan power.
In most cases, velocities should be no lower than 500 feet per minute (FPM) for proper effluent movement. An upper limit of velocities in main system ducts is approximately 2,500 FPM based on considerations for static pressure, energy, and sound. Most of the focus on velocities is for design condition, but most of the system's lifespan is spent at a much lower condition. For example, a range of 500-2,500 FPM results in a turndown ratio of up to 5:1 on a variable air volume system. A system sized in this manner can operate down to 20% of its design airflow while maintaining the minimum 500 FPM velocity.
Attention to duct velocities is not limited to the design of maximum flow conditions. Most modern designs implement variable air volume (VAV) control schemes. The system designer must consider velocities throughout the system's airflow range and strike a balance between high velocities (frictional/energy losses) at maximum flow and low velocities at minimum flow. A velocity range of 500-2,500 FPM produces a turndown ratio of up to 5:1. Experience indicates that this is usually adequate for VAV fume hoods and other typical end-use devices.
Appropriate duct sizing and velocity largely depend upon the nature of effluent, duct type, and potential for contaminant deposition. Duct velocities and configurations should be designed to prevent the settling and accumulation of particulates and dry aerosols
Probably the most important consideration is the type of chemicals that your laboratory uses. The majority of ductless fume cabinets are only suitable for process-specific or light-duty fumes. Before you decide if this unit is right for you, compile a list of all the chemicals and the quantities of each. From this, you should be able to determine if a ductless hood would work in your lab. If your laboratory use is likely to change over time, or you do not know what type of chemicals will be used in future, then this fume extraction system might not be the best choice for you. The safety and health of your employees or operators should be your top priority, so the type of chemicals you are using will be the main deciding factor on whether a ductless fume hood is right for you.
Another critical factor to consider is the cost of a recirculating fume hood. We have already mentioned that this system can often be more cost-effective than a ducted alternative. A ducted system needs to have an expensive infrastructure around it, such as ducting, mechanical systems, exhaust fans, roof elements and more. All of these things are an additional cost to consider. A filtered hood eliminates all of these extra costs, but that does not mean they are free to run. Ductless hoods will need regular filter replacements, which is an expenditure that needs to be taken into account
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